The Social Work Profession Aims - 1951 Words

â€Å"Social Work! Do you have to go to University for that? I always thought that social work was just 90% common sense and 10% good heart!† The social work profession aims to help people. Specifically, social work is defined as ‘an art, a science, and a profession that helps people solve personal, group, and community problems and attain satisfying personal, group and community relationships’ (Farley, Smith Boyle, 2012, p. 7). Helping people is very common human characteristic, thus possessing the component of common sense. If someone needs help, we help them. We, as humans, share this understanding. However, we aren’t the only profession that has a similar job description. For example, Nursing is described as ‘the job of taking care of people who are sick, injured, or old’ (Merriam-Webster.com. 2011). Nurses also are in the helping field; however, that profession isn’t considered ‘90% common sense’. Both descriptions of social work and nursing are essential saying that they help others. However, it’s the idea of helping others that possess that aspect of common sense. The act of nursing and the act of social work aren’t common sense. There is training involved and knowledge required to be able to take on the title of each profession. When speaking of the nursing profession, there is a notion that you must have some education in order to have that job title. Why is social work different? Is it common knowledge that nurses need to go to a university for proper education, butShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Discrimination On The Workplace From Social Worker s Perspectives948 Words   |  4 Pageseffects of stigmatization in the workplace from social worker’s perspectives, as they are the experts concerning this subject. This study will focus on the personal experiences of depressed social workers and will provide rich detailed research findings. 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Accountability Memo Free Essays

MEMORANDUM Subject: Increasing of public scrutiny on not-for-profit reporting requirements The purpose of this memo is to explain why increasing scrutiny and demand for accountability by the public has influenced reporting for not-for-profit and governmental entities. State and federal regulators are reviewing, audit reports of agencies like ours that receive federal grants and loan monies. Their purpose is to â€Å"ensure that independent audit firms are in compliance with Generally Accepted Audit Standards (GAAS) and recently added requirements under Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards (GAGAS) or yellow book standards†. We will write a custom essay sample on Accountability Memo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reporting requirements that the auditor’s require to be able to prepare a statement of understanding of internal control structure is of particular interest. Because we are a not-for-profit company, the auditors have to report what certain members have the clearance to report cash donations and make deposits directly to the companies bank account. The auditors also need to evaluate the internal controls we have in place to prevent theft, and report the strengths and weaknesses of our system. As a result, we need to provide the auditors with access to our computer transactions for all finance members. Your cooperation is greatly appreciated in this matter and being in compliance will the auditors will help protect our interest in continuing to receive federal monies as part of our operating budget. Sincerely, References: Williams , J L (Summer 1992 . New audit standards for audits of entities receiving federal financial help . Outlook , 60 , n2 .. 51 (1 . Retrieved August 5, 2012 General One via Gale : HYPERLINK http /find . galegroup . com /ips /start . do ? prodId IPS http /find . galegroup . com /ips /start . do ? prodId IPS Steinberg , R M Johnson , R N (August 1991 . Implementing SAS no . 55 How to cite Accountability Memo, Essay examples

Effective Multicultural Team Theory Practice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effective Multicultural Team Theory Practice? Answer: Introduction Before undertaking the project as a team, the author first familiarized with the simulator through the individual practice session to familiarize with how the simulator operates before running the simulator as part of a team. The aim was to maximize shareholder value and customer satisfaction. Working as a team has benefits and also challenges because individuals have different traits and ways in which they work with others. This paper is a detailed reflective report on the team activity and team dynamics while management the simulation task as a team. The reflective report is done in the context of the teamwork theory that posits that there are four distinctive stages in team dynamics, starting with forming, followed by storming, then norming, and finally performing; based on Truckman teamwork theory. This reflective report discusses how well it reflected in the group (or otherwise) while undertaking the simulation project. After discussing the way the team operated as a group, the report will identify three action points that can help with future group activities to improve performance and team output. Reflection The teams were formed after doing the individual practice that helped the author familiarize with the simulator and know what kinds of decisions needed to be made and when. While doing the group activity, I experienced some stark changes, especially on decision making because during some instances, people had different opinions and ideas on how to improve, and so we could not come to an agreement on what to do. The team followed through based on the natural team working theory; once the group was put together, we decided to allocate people roles, with an overall team leader, a secretary to take notes during meetings, and other team members were given roles to be recording the decisions made, and the outcomes of those decisions to help the team keep track of what decisions were taken and help in making better decisions in future. At this point, based on the team work theory, is the forming stage where the team members had not properly gelled (Acemoglu, Arellano Dekel, 2013). Naturall y, there were some power struggles within the team, and a desire for each person to exert their influence in the team, before we got down to serious work. I had been selected as the team secretary and would organize fr team meetings and take notes of the proceedings of the team meetings. While this happened subconsciously at times, my understanding of the forming stage in the team theory was that everyone was trying to find their own space and establish their place within the team. The proceedings were characterized by people cutting others short, or outrightly disagreeing with the opinions of the others, without really providing an alternative. In some instances, I had to step I to resolve little things that were threatening team harmony, as the team leader would sometimes be overwhelmed while trying to keep the team together and keep things going. I have this tendency to be able to quickly understand people at a deeper level and develop a means by which to handle them, and this came in handy. At one point the team meeting when we were setting our time table and frequency within which we had to meet, the disagreements were so many that I had to tell everyone that each persons opinion was valuable and not necessarily wrong or right but just a perspective. At the end of the meeting, I had an idea about the strengths and weaknesses about the team members; apparently I did not fully understand my weaknesses at that point! At the end, I realize, to my surprise that I was interfering with what the team leader ought to have been doing, which is aligning the team with the goals of the team and the project. Further, sometimes I have a tendency to not express myself very clearly, so I realized I should not have intervened unless invited to. I am also good at reading body language and I was able to understand that the expressed body language was generally tense. However, I understood this as the forming stage and these were expected reactions and experiences among the team members. W e agreed to go review the objectives, develop ideas individually and then have another meeting where everyone would have a chance to give their ideas. During the second meeting during our planning phase, everyone was given time to discuss their points of view and give their opinion without being interrupted while I patiently took notes, this time without interjecting. Once all points had been given, we discussed each persons points one by one and evaluated their pros and cons, including on team roles and individual responsibility in the team. During and after this meeting, when the team came up with resolutions and how to proceed with the project, there was less tension and infighting as happened in the first meeting. People felt their ideas and opinions were valued and so they felt a deeper part of the team. This, based on the team work theory, implies that the storming process in team dynamics had started happening. This is the stage where people see themselves as being part of a team, although the team had not fully gelled (Acemoglu, Arellano Dekel, 2013). One of the members even challenged the suitability of the team leader in leading our group, partly stemming from their not so rosy engagements during the initial meeting. Again, this to me was a natural process when people still challenge one another, even as they now realize that there are members of a team. At one point I was so irked that I responded to him with very unkind words and went on for almost half a minute. At the end of the meeting, still the team had not gelled; I could see the chemistry was still not the best for a well functioning team. I noticed that subsequent meetings when we started the simulator and other teams were overtaking us, that conflicts and disagreements increased, rather than subsiding as I had hoped. Because of constant disagreements, arguments, and personal differences, the performance of the team in the simulator suffered, and this only served to further peoples frustrations. Based on the team work theory, such events are expected during the storming stage, and it showed in our performance. The team was not focused at all on the task, and even I felt very frustrated. Because of these challenges, the team leader calle d for a bonding marketing where we did not discuss anything to do with the group assignment (simulation); instead we discussed current events and had pizza together and just made jokes, without discussing about the project, even when some team members tried to raise the issue. After a nice evening with the team, we decided to have another meeting in three days time, where we would decide on the best way to move forward with the simulator project. During this meeting, the team members were more mellow and I could feel the team gelling; in hindsight, I realized that the team leaders idea to have the team come together and not engage in any thing related to the team task was a masterstroke. I realized that I had been wrong to judge him, albeit in silence, that he was not capable of successfully leading the team to achieve success. Subsequent meetings where decisions had to be made based on out team task were more productive, and there was a sense of unity of purpose and cooperation, with people realizing that we were all in this together, the success of the team would translate into individual effort, and not the other way round when even I thought that the success of the individuals would lead to the team ultimately succeeding. According to the stages identified in team work theory, this is the norming phase, when members of a team begin coming together emotionally and psychologically; processes are developed and better ground rules are set (Halverson, 2008). The next team meeting was particularly successful because the individual roles had were better clarified and the subsequent sessions saw a greater togetherness of the team. Having realized that we had to cooperate together to achieve the vest scores from the simulation, the team set about making the best managerial decisions with everyone focused on being the best team. There was greater synergy in the team with people willing to take the back seat when they felt their ideas were not being beneficial to the team. The team was more effective, and according to the team theory, the team had reached the performing stage when people place greater focus on the tasks ahead and work together, effectively (Halverson, 2008). In a way, even the challenges the team experienced was a form of evolution of a team, like an artwork that starts with a white canvas, and slowly develops into a finished masterpiece. The team work and my experiences opened up my eyes to new insights and how to operate in groups; eventually, it will gel together and the team will perform effectively. However, in retrospect, I feel there are we got wrong and should improve on, fr better perfor mance in future, specifically on how to build teams, how to resolve conflicts, and effective communication channels and skills. Team building techniques When building the team, we started on the wrong footing; roles were allocated arbitrarily, rather than by letting every individual understand what was required and identify their roles and decide what roles best suited them. We did not clearly set the objectives, perhaps on the assumption that since everyone had used the simulator individually, then everyone understood what was required. While we knew about the task, we were not clear on the team objectives and goals, and that explains the initial disagreements and lack of cohesion. Looking back, I now understand that team forming requires a better understanding of the team objective and goals, even in written form, and letting each team member volunteer to do a certain task based on their strengths. Having an objective would have helped use better understand the team roles and help us gel faster. Conflict resolution mechanism This is an area where there is a lot of room for improvement; we did not decide on how the team will operate in terms of resolving conflicts. Conflict resolution mechanisms are essential in teams because it s never if conflicts will arise, but when they will arise (Lencioni, 2013). Having a mechanism for effective conflict resolution greatly helps in managing conflicts and egos that are normal with teams and ensuring the team remains focused. There are times when even I felt that I should maybe join another group, or that I cannot work with certain team embers; but because we lacked a mechanism for conflict resolution, this became a very serious hurdle, until the team leader decided to have a bonding meeting where we did not discuss any work tasks. In hindsight, we should have had a more progressive team forming and development activities; the bonding meeting should have happened before we got to undertaking the simulator assignment, rather than in the middle of the task. Effective communication skills and channels Communication happened, but looking back, it was neither effective, nor were there formal communication channels. Especially when conflicts arose everyone was jostling to take the initiative in resolving it/ them, and the result was greater conflicts and disagreements. Everyone sought to impose their ideas, believing they were right, and we had everyone interrupting everyone resulting in greater conflict. However, after having the bonding meeting, we set out a mechanism by which to communicate. For instance, at one point, everyone had a chance to talk and no one was allowed to interject, even if they had strong reasons to interrupt. This helped the team get ahead, however, I feel it was a case of a too little, too late; as our performance showed, other teams were able to perfo4m much better than out team because we started doing the fundamental right things when it was too late and after wasting a lot of time disagreeing and fighting, because we did not have a well defined team objec tive, we did not form the team effectively, and we had no means for conflict resolution, or defined communication methods and channels. References Acemoglu, D., Arellano, M., Dekel, E. (2013). Advances in Economics and Econometrics. Tenth World Congress Vol. 1 Vol. 1. New York, N.Y., Cambridge University Press. Halverson, C. B. (2008). Effective multicultural teams theory and practice. Berlin , financial. Lencioni, P. M. (2013). Overcoming the five dysfunctions of a team: a field guide for leaders, managers, and facilitators. San Francisco, Calif, Jossey-Bass.

Sony- Digital Media Convergence Essay Example

Sony- Digital Media Convergence Essay Question of Concern Choose a specific company and evaluate its organization’s performance in the market with reference to digital media convergence. Explain the organization’s relationship with the different media segments and discuss how this affects the company’s operations and sales. Sony: Company Background What better company to select that one that possesses all forms of media, and even technology that converge all media types into a single device (multi-media devices). Sony is the world’s fifth largest media provider, standing at USD 78. 88 billion in 2008. An amazing feat considering that the company had only originated as a radio manufacturer in WWII Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita, and is now pioneering some of the most advanced technology in the world. Sony currently has a wide selection of a product line-up (including their unique innovations), such as: * HDTVs * Play Stations (1, 2 ,3 and portable) * Universal Media Disks * Blu- Ray disks * LCD TVs * HandyCams * PCs and Laptop (Vaio) Radios * Personal MP3 Players * Cellular Phones (Sony Ericsson) With such a diversification of products and different media forms, collision with one another is inevitable. I especially selected Sony, so that I may also enlighten you on some aspects of the gaming industry, used as an advertising tool. Sony: Case Study Case 1 Pre-launch of the PS3 (Play Station 3) in 2005, Sony had hired special graffiti artists (and the walls of store owners) to spray-paint b uildings of hired establishments, eliciting people playing the PS3. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony- Digital Media Convergence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sony- Digital Media Convergence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sony- Digital Media Convergence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They also done the same by hiring artists to draw similar art and upload onto their blogs and peer networking sites (MySpace, Friendster, etcetera), hoping that the power of art and peers would inspire the want for the users to purchase their upcoming product. The success of this unique form of guerilla tactics were questionable, since this sparked much controversy. Many viewers realized that this was a marketing tactic and expressed their distaste to the graffiti that they even placed their own additions (Such as â€Å"Advertising directed at your counter culture† or â€Å"Fony†). And on the web format, although slightly more subtle, many caught on and also wrote their repulse in the comment boxes and forums. Case 2 Approaching Christmas in 2006, Sony attempted an online viral marketing campaign; it was named, â€Å"All I want for Xmas is a PSP†, a blog written by a teenager named â€Å"Charlie†, confessing his ultimate desire to acquire the upcoming Play Station Portable (PSP). â€Å"He† even provided links to iron-on t-shirts, Christmas Cards and â€Å"himself† rapping, all associated to the PSP. It wasn’t long until this ruse was discovered by the public as well, leading a massive exposure of the project through YouTube and blogs. Sony admitted the sites origin and then converted the sight, providing details and facts on the PSP. Case 3 After a user purchases the Play Station 3, there is a feature wherein you can create your own avatar and immerse yourself into a digital community as the character. Able to select your own facial features, hair, clothing and trinkets; coincidentally many of the trinkets you may select are existing and up-coming Sony products. Wouldn’t be uncommon to see a character walking around with the Sony HandyCam or a house forum containing Sony’s HDTV. A very successful advertising tool, considering that many PS3 users are also their current market for many of their other products. This helped spread awareness amongst its users, and it even provided some details of the products in-game to educate them on their functions and advantages. Not to mention, this was a cheap and easy way to advertise. Case 4 In a lot of Sony PlayStation games, especially ones that are focused on sports. One would encounter advertisements of other products (and including Sony’s own), during the half-times and breaks. It helps create the feel of an actual game, but this also serves as product placements (and not to mention cheap advertising, with additional income). But this was not only limited to sports games, once in a while if you look hard enough you’d see the game’s protagonist (whom children often admire and look up to), using a Sony device, such as the Sony Mp3 player. Although not efficient at capturing new markets, it helps develop awareness in its current market. But one of the most â€Å"deadly† aspect of this marketing scheme, is that it targets children and teenagers who are the most susceptible to influence, potentially developing long-term loyalty. Case 5 With many of the Sony Products, apart from the typical cross media advertising; where you see the HandyCam advertised on TV, or the Blu-Ray disk on the internet, or the mp3 player on the radio, or the HDTVs in the newspapers. Sony tries to advertise in more subtle ways that user can relate more towards (as you may notice in the previous cases). Such as: * Getting newspaper/ magazine/ blog authors to write â€Å"reviews† on their products * Getting â€Å"users† to post videos on the internet of them using the products (or even singing about the product in some cases) * Posting their TV/radio advertisements onto the internet * Providing trials to their users in exchange of sharing their experience on their blogs or peer networking sites Case 6 The Sony Bravia television, a TV with the niche of providing a large variation of vibrant colors, one problem, how do you advertise a television with colors superior to that most common household TVs and computers. Instead they filmed 600 people shooting 7,000 liters of paint onto a huge canvas in 30- seconds. Then provided a copy for each person to bring home, to show friends/ upload or play in their stores; and of course also advertised themselves this video on the internet and TV. Analysis of the Cases amp; Conclusion Because of their wide selection of products, Sony cannot show any real preference in advertising with any digital media, mainly because they also carry a wide variety in target markets. This asks for a lot from the sales and promotional teams. As we can see Sony truly utilizes all forms of media, they advertise on our television commercials, radio commercials, internet banners, in between our newspaper pages, just like many other companies. But Sony looked for and utilized less conventional methods, methods that truly relate and get â€Å"personal† with the consumer. Be it through, viral marketing, guerilla tactics, street- advertisements, in-game advertising, fake blogs and articles. Many times company’s think that creativity ends after the shooting ends, but they fail to realize that creativity can also lie in how you communicate that advertisement. With such a large variation of digital products, it would be extremely expensive to advertise for each one separately (sometimes even cluttering one another for key advertising spots), and although each product may be recognized as their own SBU (strategic business unit). Sony truly succeeds at finding that synergistic effect and discovers ways that allows for their products to advertise together and on another, not to mention- in a creative manner. References Sony Main Website, http://www. sony. net/SonyInfo/technology/ â€Å"Sony Unveils Movies for Memory Sticks†, Alexander DeFelice, Tech News World, http://www. technewsworld. com/rsstory/51805. html Sony, Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sony â€Å"Sony Advertising Campaigns†, Sony Website, http://www. sony. co. id/section/advertisingcampaign â€Å"On Sony Advertisement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Stan M, Sony Insider, ttp://www. sony. co. id/section/advertisingcampaign â€Å"Advertising for Sony†, Article Base http://www. articlesbase. com/advertising-articles/advertising-for-sony-1908654. html â€Å"Sony: Advertising Like No Other†, Gadgets Weblog http://www. gadgets-weblog. com/50226711/sony_advertising_like_no_other. php â€Å"Sony Admits Advertising Arrogance†, P lay. tm http://play. tm/news/29763/sony-admits-advertising-arrogance/? utm_source=feedburneramp;utm_medium=feedamp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+playtm+%28play. tm%29 â€Å"Sony’s little Charlie†, EDGE, http://www. next-gen. biz/index. php? ption=com_contentamp;task=viewamp;id=4397amp;Itemid=2/ Sony USA Website, http://www. sony. com/index. php â€Å"Sony Affiliated Companies†, Sony Website, http://www. sony. net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/Subsidiaries/index. html â€Å"Sony: Product amp; Technology Milestones†, Sony Website, http://www. sony. net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/sonyhistory. html â€Å"Sony Draws Ire With PSP Graffiti†, Ryan Singel, Wired, http://www. wired. com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69741 â€Å"Graffiti ads spark debate in US†, BBC News, http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/4567236. stm

Causes of Shoreline Erosion

Causes of Shoreline Erosion Free Online Research Papers There are many causes of shoreline erosion. Most of them are natural. These are currents, storms, earthquakes, winds, waves, tides, and also the gradual movement of tectonic plates. Some beaches are also destroyed by men when harbors and dams are built, or any other structures that disrupt the fragile balance of nature. There are several different ways that the ocean can cause erosion: hydraulic action, wave pounding, abrasion, corrosion, and attrition. Hydraulic action takes place when air in a joint is suddenly compressed by a wave closing the entrance of the joint causing the joint to crack. Wave pounding is when the sheer energy of the wave hitting the cliff or rock breaks pieces off. Abrasion or corrasion is caused by waves launching seaload at the cliff. This is by far the most rapid form of shoreline erosion . Corrosion is the dissolving of rock by carbonic acid in sea water. Limestone cliffs are the most vulnerable to this kind of erosion. Finally, attrition is where particles carried by the waves are worn down as they hit each other and the cliffs. This then makes the material easier to wash away. Sediment is transported along the coast in the direction of the current. When the incoming current amount of sediment is less than the amount being carried away, erosion occurs. According to the Army Corps of Engineers, the most important cause of humans include the disruption of sediment sources with seawalls, revetments, and bulkheads, and the interruption of longshore sediment transport by the construction of groins and jetties. Research Papers on Causes of Shoreline ErosionOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Project Managment Office System

How to use your time effectively when youre in between jobs

How to use your time effectively when youre in between jobs For most of us, our career paths are not a simple straight line. Instead, there are multiple twists and turns- some planned and others unexpected- along with diversions, reroutes and new and unexpected directions that appear as time goes by. In fact, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average time people spend at their jobs is now only about 4.2 years. Our paths also include times in which we’re gainfully employed and times at which we find ourselves in between jobs, either by choice or circumstance. For most people, filling the time in between jobs can be a real challenge. We want to make sure that we’re using this time to our advantage, but figuring out how to do so effectively- especially if it’s a longer time period than we’d like it to be- can be difficult. With all of this weighing on your shoulders, it’s really in your best interest to try to structure and use your time effectively when you’re in between jobs- both for yo ur long-term health and happiness as well as to help set you up for your next job.Build and maintain your networkIn today’s job market, cold calling and responding to general job ads is way less effective than it used to be. These days, a significant percentage of new jobs are obtained by leveraging your network, which includes your personal and professional contacts. That said, are you taking full advantage of your network? While you’re in between jobs, building and maintaining your contacts is an invaluable use of your time, and who knows- it may not be long before one of your connections comes up with a job opening that perfectly fits what you need and can offer.Look for contract/freelance workJust because you’re between full-time jobs doesn’t mean your time has to be completely work free. In today’s job market, many companies utilize contract and freelance staff for a wide range of projects. Consider seeking out opportunities in your field or i n an area that fits your background and skill set; not only will it provide you with some income, it will also help fill in any lengthy time gaps on your resume- and who knows, if you do a particularly good job on a project you might be considered for a longer-term position when one becomes available.Take a classKeep your mind and skills sharp while in between jobs by taking a class. You can pursue a subject in your professional field- which may help you during your job hunt- or you can take a class in a completely unrelated subject that interests you. Either way, your time will be structured, educational, and well spent.VolunteerAnother good use of your time and energy in between jobs is to volunteer- not only will you be helping to support a worthy cause, you’ll also be keeping active and may possibly even acquire some new skills. Also, you may discover some completely new interests, which may help reshape your career aspirations.Create a backup planIf things just donâ€⠄¢t seem to be going your way and the amount of time that you’re unemployed is becoming a real issue, then it may be a valuable use of your time to come up with a backup plan. Take some time to research alternate fields of interest, industries where your existing background and skills may be easily transferable, and jobs that seem hot right now and have an abundance of openings. It may turn out that your backup plan pans out and makes you happier and more fulfilled than you previously were.Just because you’re in between jobs doesn’t mean that your time can’t be well spent. Use the strategies and advice presented here to make sure you’re using your time effectively.

Trading Financial Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trading Financial Risks - Essay Example Studies by Center for Immigration Studies show that the number of illegal immigrants in the US dropped from 12.5 million in 2008 to 11 million in 2007. The studies also show that Mexican immigrants constitute 56% of the immigrants, the Latin Americans and Africans form the remaining fraction (Hoffmeier, web). People have a negative attitude towards immigrant, and this contribute to the problem of the immigrants. Most people feel threatened by foreigners and have developed negative attitude towards them. This essay will give a discussion on why people need to change their attitude towards immigrants with relation to US case. All are illegal immigrants There is no country in the world without immigrants, in most cases immigrants contribute equally to the country’s development. The united state is not an exception since immigrants have contributed a lot in the country’s development. Contributions by immigrants are evident across the social, political, and economic fields i n the country. The United States leads the globe in terms of economic, political, and social strengths. This implies that there is a close relationship between the country’s developments and the large number of immigrants. Being the leading country is not a difficult issue for to the United States however, maintaining its global position is a problem. As stated by Kesselman, Krieger, and Joseph, despite the US being the most powerful country, it has a problem of maintaining its superiority (18). The country should, therefore maintain the people who led or contributed to its development. The immigrants are the main contributors of these developments therefore, the country should consider revising its policies on immigration. Law is not sufficient solution The United States uses its law to divide its citizens in to legal and illegal citizens. The law goes on to prescribe consequences on the later group in order to discourage illegal immigration into the country. From history, n one of those people who claim to be legal US citizens came to the country legally since the first immigrants from Europe invaded the country. Kivel confirms this argument by stating that the US citizens are themselves illegal immigrants, and hence  unable to decide on which immigrants are legal or illegal (60). Kivel goes on to argue that racism is the main tool that is applied in determining illegal and legal migrants (60). From this argument, it is clear that most people in US are referred to as illegal immigrants based on their racial background. From his argument, Kivel finds the link between the legality of the invasion of North America by Europeans settlers and the illegal immigration issue. In his argument, Kivel takes the issue to a personal level and asks the question; â€Å"why do not we say the Europeans invaded North America?† (Kivel 60). Kivel goes on to state that in most time the term invasion is used by the Americans to describe the invasion of the countries by Japanese and Chinese investors and Haitian refugees, and this is not correct. His analysis on the matter proves that the law is not sufficient in determining who is a legal or an illegal immigrant of United States, and it should not be used to victimize other people. In addition, the law of a country should be just and respected and therefore, it should give all its people equal opportunity as well as reward them with equal measures for any mistake they commit. From this statement if we will continue to claim that immigrants

Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reconstruction - Essay Example The above mentioned scenario, as well as the events that followed in the attempted reconstruction of the American South by the Republican Party, were catalogued by several historians, with each historian instilling their own perspective into their recording of events. For the purposes of this paper an elucidation of the views of the views of four historians and their texts will be provided. These include: Reconstruction by Thomas Wilson, The Negro in Reconstruction by Carter Woodson, The Ordeal of Reconstruction by Thomas A. Bailey, and Reconstruction: Unfinished Revolution by Mary Beth Norton. Overview The views expressed by the different authors are to an extent the products of their particular time and prevalent historical school of thought and as such are reflective of it in terms of the language used. Each text is also characterized by the amount of words dedicated to each issue depending on the particular perspective of each author. Wilson is generally extremely critical of the Northern carpetbaggers and derisory of the competence of the â€Å"negroes† while being wholly sympathetic to the plight of the Southern White. Woodson on the other hand, is focused primarily on the role of the â€Å"Negroe† and in attempting to absolve him of the corruption and mismanagement that plagued the era. Bailey highlights the incompetence and illiteracy of the â€Å"negroes† while painting a bleak picture of the government and policies of time, keeping in line with the other authors. Norton, is perhaps the only author to portray reconstruction and the Northern immigrants in a positive light, while being highly critical of the role of the Southern White gentry. Carpet Baggers Thomas Wilson in his piece Reconstruction places the blame for the failure of reconstruction solely on the carpetbaggers or opportunistic Northern immigrants and dedicates the majority of the piece to the exploitative activities of the above. Wilson states: â€Å"These men, mere â€Å"carpet baggers† for the most part, who brought nothing with them, and had nothing to bring but a change of clothing and their wits, became the new masters of the blacks.† Wilson’s implication here is that all Northern immigrants were â€Å"carpet baggers†, individuals who had little wealth to offer the South and instead came to exploit its resources. There is no mention of Northerners who may have possibly arrived to assist in the improvement of the conditions of African Americans. Another inference that can be drawn from the above statement is that Wilson had beliefs that the â€Å"carpet baggers† were perpetuating the system of slavery, albeit indirectly by manipulating the â€Å"blacks. Carter Woodson while taking a critical view of the role of the â€Å"carpet baggers† also accepts that some of them did have principled intentions: Referring to the â€Å"carpet baggers† he states: â€Å"They were in many respects selfish men , but not always utterly lacking in principle.† However, he does acknowledge that much of wholesale corruption during the era was a result of the greed of the â€Å"carpet baggers†: â€Å"Being adventurers and interested in their own affairs, the carpet baggers became unusually corrupt in certain states.† Thomas Bailey is for the most part silent on the role of â€Å"carpet baggers† but he does state: â€Å"Graft and theft ran wild, especially in states like Louisiana and South Carolina,

Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Organizational Change Essay An organization is a social system that consists of individuals with a common or agreed objectives (Barzilai). The study of the kinds of systems involved in an organization, which help it meet its different concerns, refers to organizational theory. Organizational theory consists of â€Å"individual processes, group processes and organizational processes (Barzilai).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When an organization wants to entertain changes in its operations as a result of poor performance, or a gap between the desired performance and actual performance as in the given example, the stakeholders affected should be a major consideration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many organizations, shrinking the budget is a common remedy, in order to better allocate scarce resources while at the same time ensuring the productivity of the organization (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). One way of cutting costs in an organization is by reducing personnel, which can be challenging to implement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the major challenges that an organization desiring to implement changes would have to face is the general attitude of resistance to change, common to employees or members in the lower rungs of the organization (Piderit, 2000). This is especially true in the given scenario because it has been a long time since the organization implemented changes in its structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While resistance to change is often viewed negatively as a form of disobedience or unwillingness to support the management, management should see such resistance to change as the employees’ means of showing their concern and expressing their views to the management (Piderit, 2000). Therefore, as studies suggest, the whole organization must learn how to adapt to change, mainly by gathering employee support to organizational changes (Piderit, 2000). References Barzilai, K. Organizational Theory. Retrieved October 18, 2007, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.case.edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/Organizational_Theory.htm Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking Resistance and Recognizing Ambivalence: A   Ã‚   Multidimensional View of Attitudes toward an Organizational Change. [Electronic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   version]. The Academy of Management Review 25(4), 783-794. Tjosvold, D. Poon, M.   (1998). Dealing with Scarce Resources: Open-Minded Interaction for Resolving Budget Conflicts. Group Organization Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   23(3): 237-255

How Does The ?surround-sound? :: essays research papers

How does the â€Å"surround-sound† technique work?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surround Sound which was introduced by Dolby Laboratories Inc to position sound around the audience so that the effects within movies would make them feel as though they were really there. The use of directional sound from different points in the room according to their depth, sharpness and clarity was the main goal. Starting off from a standard called Dolby Stereo, two separate channels were introduced, both left and right, so that other speakers could in turn double-up to provide a multitude of left and right channels all around the audience. The input of a effects channel (later called Surround channel) was implemented so that a sense of ambience and spatiality could be experienced from the audience. This surround channel was positioned behind and to the left and right of the audience provided the sound depth that the audio engineers were looking for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This then gave way to a standard, which was known as Dolby Surround, soon followed by Dolby Surround – Pro Logic. This standard incorporated the original two channels for sound, but had an in-built decoder so that the surround channel, and also a center channel (positioned to the direct front of the audience) could be played back to enhance this surround feeling. A many number of speakers could be connected up to enhance the feeling associated with the different types of audio sources, and in turn provide more depth and realism to the audio source.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dolby Digital was incorporated into the home cinema as well as movie theatres to provide the ultimate audio reproductive source. The use of individual speaker components positioned around the audience comprising of a front left, front right, surround left, surround right, center, and subwoofer speaker were given their own audio input. This was called Dolby Digital 5.

Gas Chromatography

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT The purpose of this experiment is for the student: 1)to learn the general theoretical aspects of gas chromatography as a separation method, 2)to learn how to operate gas chromatographs specific to COD, 3)to become familiar with using the gas chromatograph (GC) to qualitatively identify components of mixtures, 4)to be introduced to and to interpret the quantitative data available via gas chromatography, 5)to gain insight into how the GC technique is used in the chemical industry both as a qualitative and quantitative tool.As a means of accomplishing these objectives, we will attempt to identify the three major organic components of two different kinds of nail polish remover. PRELAB ASSIGNMENT Read Technique 22 in Pavia, 4th ed. Be sure that you understand the components of a gas chromatograph and the factors affecting separation. Pay particular attention to the definitions of retention time and resolution and how the GC can be used for qualitative analysi s.  ·Fill out a gold sheet for all compounds present in the purple nail polish remover as listed below. Write a procedural flow chart for the experiment. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Each student will be required to make at least one injection into the GC. Each student will also be a member of a group and will share information and chromatograms with other group members and between groups. All GC injections will be one micro-liter â€Å"sandwiched injections†. The procedure for preparing the syringe is described below.  ·Place your sample in a small test-tube.  ·Rinse the syringe three times with your sample.  ·Draw approximately 1 micro-liter of air into the syringe. Draw 2 or 3 micro-liters of your sample into the syringe with the air.  ·Turn the syringe so that the tip of the needle is pointing up and expel liquid from the syringe until only 1 micro-liter of liquid remains in the syringe.  ·Pull the plunger back and draw in approximately 1 micro-liter of air. You now have a 1 micro-liter sample â€Å"sandwiched† between two air bubbles. Your group will be assigned either regular (purple) Revlon nail polish remover or acetone-free (blue) Revlon nail polish remover. The contents are listed below.Your group must gather enough information to be able to identify the three major peaks in the gas chromatogram for your assigned nail polish remover. Acetone, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol in addition to the two nail polish removers will be available as samples for injection. You may use these chemicals to make mixtures that you will inject into the GC. You may not inject any of these neat liquids (pure chemical samples) because the column may become overloaded and the peaks will show a lot of trailing.When analyzing the data and planning your mixtures, keep in mind that our GC's have flame ionization detectors that do not detect non-flammable substances such as water. Someone in the group will need to inject the assigned nail polish remover into a GC and wait for the instrument to record the chromatogram. While the GC is cooling down, label the chromatogram with your name, the name of your sample, and the number of the GC which was used. Have the instructor initial the original chromatogram.When the â€Å"ready† indicator light turns green on the GC, another member of the group should make an injection into the same GC in order to have the same experimental conditions for comparisons of results. The chemical make up of this second and subsequent injections should be determined after consultation within the group. You must get the approval of the instructor before making any mixtures for injection into the GC. Each person must submit at least one original initialed chromatogram attached to the cover sheet.All other chromatograms will be obtained from your partners and by exchanging data within a group. The second type of nail polish will be analyzed using class data that will be provided by your instructor. The labels on the two nail polish removers list the contents of each in the following order: PURPLE Nail Polish|BLUE Nail Polish| acetone|ethyl acetate| water|isopropyl alcohol| ethyl acetate|water| isopropyl alcohol|jojoba oil| benzophenone-1|butyl alcohol| dyes|butyl acetate| |toluene| |dyes|

The increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33

To what extent was the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 the result of effective propaganda and electioneering? The years 1928 to 1933 were very significant for the Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler. After the attempted Munich Putsch, the Nazi Party had well and truly entered the political spotlight of German politics and had successfully re-established itself after Hitler was released from prison in 1924. Following on from being so heavily in the public eye, the Nazi Party had a rise in support due to increased awareness of the party, but 1928 marked a steep increase in this.There are many factors that contributed to this increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party from 1928-1933, but it was largely due to effective propaganda and electioneering. Nazi propaganda was under leadership of Joseph Goebbels, who was able to identify the concerns of all sectors within the German population and use this to create a remarkable propaganda schem e. An example of this is where workers were addressed with posters depicting endless queues of unemployed people, suggesting that Hitler would be able to abolish unemployment – a miracle that was readily accepted by this group.As well as targeting specific groups, Goebbels was able to manipulate a variety of propaganda techniques, from using posters to nursery rhymes to the radio. The Nazi Party presented an image that appealed to everyone through their use of propaganda. It is because of propaganda that they were able to convince the public of their ability to transform the country to one ridden with debts, political instability and embarrassment to a global superpower that was successful in every aspect. Even now, Nazi propaganda is still viewed as a remarkable achievement for the Nazi Party and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Nazi support increased from 1928-1933.Electioneering is the other main reason for the increase in electoral support. In terms of Nazi poli cy itself, although it was controversial, Hitler was careful to be very careful about certain points – especially regarding religion. The 25 Point Programme of the Party depicted that it â€Å"represents the point of view of positive Christianity†, whereas in reality the Nazi Party stood for the complete opposite. With the majority of Germans being Christian (2/3 of these were Catholic and 1/3 Protestant), the Nazi’s could not afford to alienate the Church and risk repelling the majority of the electorate.Throughout their electioneering, the Nazi’s used the SA to intimidate the opposition and sometimes even carry out such violent attacks that political figures, especially Communist politicians, were unable to continue their own electioneering. This allowed the Nazi party to reduce their opposition and allowed them to manipulate the public further using their effective propaganda. As the Nazi Party organised propaganda rallies to build up electoral support , they also organised members to attend the rallies disguised as potential voters. This gave the impression that the party was extremely popular and therefore encouraged voters that might otherwise vote for another larger party to support the Nazi’s instead.These propaganda rallies were used to persuaded all of Germany to vote for Hitler and his party because Hitler was able to constantly travel around the country using an airplane. This electioneering meant that he was able to directly address potential supports and use propaganda to convince them to vote Nazi. It could be claimed that Hitler himself contributed largely to the electoral success of the Nazi Party. Many women found Hitler aesthetically attractive and emphasis was placed on his bright blue eyes and his friendly nature towards children. Men found Hitler as a man to admire – he was charismatic and some newspapers even labelled him ‘Hitler the Superman’.Above all, Hitler was a brilliant auditor and had the ability to captivate audiences that was unmatched by no other politician and delivered speeches with such power that it was hard not to be swept in by his manipulative and misleading words. However, it could not be said that Hitler himself contributed to the increase in electoral support to a larger extent than propaganda and electioneering. Another factor that could be argued to have resulted in the increase in electoral support is the very climate of Germany during that time.Following on from the failure of war in 1918, Germany was stampeded with crises after crises. In economic terms, the funding of the war had resulted in inflation and forced Germany to borrow loans from the USA in order to pay the  £6600 million in reparations. This meant that when America suffered from the Wall Street Crash, Germany was hit by Depression in 1926. Living standards plummeted and Germany was on the verge of a civil war. Consequently, the German people looked towards extremist parti es to provide them with the revolutionary change needed to return Germany to a least a partial stability.Again, whilst this was a big factor in increase of Nazi support, the situation in Germany was balancing out, especially as the effects of hyperinflation were weakening by 1925. Therefore, the hardships that Germany faced during this period cannot be accountable for the increase in the Nazi Party’s electoral success compared to the propaganda and electoral success that was constant throughout 1928-1933. In conclusion, the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 was the result of effective propaganda and electioneering to a far extent. A variety of factors contributed to this increase, including Hitler’s personality and the downfall of Germany during the post-war years.However, the strongest factors were persistently the Nazi’s propaganda campaign that was led by Goebbels and their electioneering methods. Through this, they were ab le to specifically target groups within the electorate and develop the Nazi image itself which drew support from voters and caused the German people to trust them to restore Germany’s former status.

Contingency theories and Situational leadership theory

Contingency theories and Situational leadership theory Abstract There are many theories on what defines successful leadership and contingency and situational leadership are among them. These two theories are almost similar but the contingency leadership theory is not about whether or not a style should be adapted to external factors but rather how different factors can interact in unexpected ways to shape the outcome.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Contingency theories and Situational leadership theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definitions Situational leadership theory is based on the interaction between the dimensions of task behavior and relationship behavior as well as follower readiness/maturity in performing a certain task. Followers are the most critical factor in leadership proceedings and as followers differ, so does the suitable method of management. Contingency theories of leadership hold that there is no one best way of leadership and that an organiz ational/ leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others (Fiedler, 1964). Introduction Fiedler (1964), states that the success of a leader in a given situation isn’t up to the skills that the leader has, but rather how those skills line up with factors outside of him or her. This means that it isn’t just having a skilled leader that leads to success, but rather it is having a leader who can solve the right problems in the right way and at the right time. Discussion Edward (2004) in his article states that â€Å"although situation and contingency mandates managers to take into account such things as the experience of employees, the time available to make a decision, and the type of work that is to be done; they leave the employees uncertain on how they will be treated†. The employees also feel left out in decisions making and not fully informed by their manager. To further support Edward’s arguments, Yuki (1981); in hi s study indicates that concept of task relevant maturity e.g. job maturity that is notable in both theories is conceptionally ambiguous and hence poses serious flaws to these theories. However, in a research done by scholars such as Graeff (1983) indicates that; â€Å"the situational nature of leadership brings forth the concept that one style of management cannot possibly fit all situations†. Edward (2004) in his article also recalls that the recognition of the subordinate as the most important asset in an organization is a determinant of appropriate leader’s behavior by both the contingency and situational leadership theories.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his study, Edward (2004), states that â€Å"the degree to which subordinates like or trust the leader, the degree to which the task is structured and the formal authority possessed by the leader are key determinants of the leadership situation†. To add on Vroom and Yetton (1973) indicate that, â€Å"the effectiveness of a decision made by a leader depends upon a number of aspects of the situation†. Hersey and Blanchard (1977), explains that the leadership method one employs should be dependent on the situation and that before one selects a leadership style to use, they must first understand the situation and the importance of the possible outcomes. However, Edward (2004) reiterates that the leadership brand needs to apply across the entire organization and at all times and should not involve what is often called situational leadership† as this will result to confusion and alienate people in an organization. Conclusion Although the two leadership theories have their setbacks, I feel that their main strengths should not be ignored. For example, the situation approach shows leaders what to do and when to do it and contingency approach is valuable for its ability to deal with diverse situations requiring the exercise of leadership. Generally Edward’s article highlights very important approaches that leaders should use to usefully manage their organization and employees. References Edward, E. L (2004) Leading A Virtuous-Spiral Organization. Leader To Leader, No.32. Fiedler, F. E. (1964) A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol.1). 149-190. Graeff, C.L. (1981) Some theoretical issues that undermine the utility of the Hersey-Blanchard situation leadership theory: A critical view. Relationship between theory, research and practice. 19th Annual Southern Management Meeting. Atlanta, 204-206.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Contingency theories and Situational leadership theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H. (1982) Management of organization behavior: Utilizing human resource s. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc Vroom, V.H. and Yetton, P.W. (1973) Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press Yuki, G.A. (1981) Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

The Changing Definition of African-American History

The Changing Definition of African-American History Since the origins of the field in the late 19th century, scholars have devised more than one definition of what constitutes African-American history. Some intellectuals have viewed the field as an extension or corollary to American history. Some have stressed the influence of Africa on African-American history, and others have viewed African-American history as vital to black liberation and power. Late 19th Century Definition An Ohio lawyer and minister, George Washington Williams, published the first serious work of African-American history in 1882. His work, History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, began with the arrival of the first slaves in the North American colonies and concentrated on the major events in American history that involved or affected African-Americans. Washington, in his Note to volume two of his opus, said that he intended to lift the Negro race to its pedestal in American history as well as to instruct the present, inform the future. During this period of history, most African Americans, like Frederick Douglass, stressed their identities as Americans and did not look to Africa as a source of history and culture, according to historian Nell Irvin Painter. This was true of historians like Washington as well, but during the early decades of the 20th century and especially during the Harlem Renaissance, African-Americans, including historians, began to celebrate Africas history as their own. The Harlem Renaissance, or The New Negro Movement W.E.B. Du Bois was the foremost African-American historian during this period. In works like The Souls of Black Folk, he stressed African-American history as the confluence of three different cultures: African, American and African-American. Du Bois historical works, such as The Negro (1915), framed the history of black Americans as starting in Africa. One of Du Boiss contemporaries, historian Carter G. Woodson, created the forerunner of todays Black History MonthNegro History Weekin 1926. While Woodson felt that Negro History Week should emphasize the influence black Americans had on U.S. history, he too in his historical works looked back to Africa. William Leo Hansberry, a  professor at Howard University from 1922 to 1959, developed this trend even further by describing African-American history as the experience of the African diaspora. During the Harlem Renaissance, artists, poets, novelists, and musicians also looked toward Africa as a source of history and culture. Artist Aaron Douglas, for instance,  regularly used African themes in his paintings and murals. Black Liberation and African-American History In the 1960s and 1970s, activists and intellectuals, like Malcolm X, saw African-American history as an essential component of black liberation and power. In a 1962 speech, Malcolm explained: The thing that has made the so-called Negro in America fail, more than any other thing, is your, my, lack of knowledge concerning history. We know less about history than anything else. As Pero Dagbovie argues in African American History Reconsidered, many black intellectuals and scholars, such as Harold Cruse, Sterling Stuckey, and Vincent Harding, agreed with Malcolm that African-Americans needed to understand their past in order to seize the future. Contemporary Era White academia finally accepted African-American history as a legitimate field in the 1960s. During that decade, many universities and colleges began to offer classes and programs in African-American studies and history. The field exploded, and American history textbooks began to incorporate African-American history (as well as womens and Native American history) into their standard narratives. As a sign of the increasing visibility and importance of the field of African-American history, President Gerald Ford declared February to be Black History Month in 1974. Since then, both black and white historians have built on the work of earlier African-American historians, exploring the influence of Africa on the lives of African-Americans, creating the field of black womens history and revealing the myriad ways in which the story of the United States is the story of race relations. History has expanded to include the working class, women, Native Americans and Hispanic Americans in addition to the experiences of African-Americans. Black  history, as practiced today, is interconnected with all of these other sub-fields in U.S. history. Many of todays historians would probably agree with Du Bois inclusive definition of African-American history as the interaction among African, American and African-American peoples and cultures. Sources Dagbovie, Pero. African American History Reconsidered. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2010.Painter, Nell Irvin. Creating Black Americans: African-American History and its Meanings, 1619 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.Williams, George Washington. History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1883.  X, Malcolm. Black Mans History. 1962 speech.

Service Operating Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Operating Strategy - Essay Example Needless to say, a business’s operations are important, as they comprise daily activities; these activities contribute to the success or failure of a business organization. Therefore, a business’s operations and strategy determine its ability to achieve success and survival in a competitive market (Anon, 2007, p.21). Boyer, Hallowell & Roth (2002, p.176) emphasize that, in a business, customer loyalty and retention can improve profitability for the business; as a result, an effective operating strategy is vital in a business. Needless to say, a service operation strategy should be well managed for it to succeed in improving customers’ satisfaction, and as a result, achieving competitive advantage. In addition, a service operating strategy must align with the targeted market requirements (Boyer, Hallowell & Roth, 2002, p.176). This research involves a case study of a reputable Italian restaurant, whose decision to launch new outlets yields to a concern on poor cus tomer experience in the new outlets, which may tarnish the restaurant’s image. As a result, the creation of a service operating strategy for the new outlets is required, which is the main aim of this paper. Italian Restaurant Outlets; Service Operating Strategy This Italian restaurant (Bel Cibo’) has a 25 full service outlets; its decision to look for expansion opportunities has led management to consider new mini-outlets with limited menus and low cost. However, the main concern lies in the poor customer service experience that may occur, and as a result, tarnishing the restaurant’s successful brand. Therefore, the need for a service operating strategy has emerged; when service level and costs are well balanced, they can lead to sustainable competitive advantage. Hawkes, Bailey & Reid (2011) add that, it is important to match service requirements with the needs of customers; for instance, some customers may prefer self-service, for example when using the banks ATMs or in a grocery shop when selecting their preferred greens. However, in a restaurant, a customer expects to be served, â€Å"matching the customer’s expectation with the service delivery method will increase the customer’s satisfaction and the revenue as well† (Hawkes, Bailey & Reid, 2011). In addition, there is need for continuous monitoring of the service processes, which foster service improvement. For instance, in the Bel Cibo’ restaurant outlets, management can ensure that the monitory role is delegated to a qualified personnel, capable of identifying errors and suggesting improvement strategies. Employees of Bel Cibo are the main determinants of the quality of customer services, and as a result, leading to high or low productivity. It is therefore necessary for management to consider the employee’s labor hours and avoid employee burnout, which will result to poor customer services. At the same time, full-time and part-time workers are ne cessary as well as the shifts strategy, which allows workers to break after some hours of working. Moreover, it is essential to ensure that employees are well motivated; this can be in form of training, promotion, reward and ensuring good working conditions among other activities. Hawkes, Bailey & Reid (2011) emphasize on the use of rewards in improving quality customer service. When employee motivation is achieved, employees will be in a position to improve the

College Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

College Admission - Essay Example I want to join Purdue University to get a formal education in computer engineering and later on get a job in the industry. In today’s competitive job marketplace people seeking work must have at least a Bachelor’s degree to have a legitimate shot at getting a job. The unemployment rate in the United States is currently above 9%. I want to take advantage of the amazing education Purdue University provides its alumni to help change the world through innovation similarly to the way the late Steve Jobs was able to leave his mark on society. I want to invent or bring something into this world that serves a great and noble purpose. My personal and professional goals can only be attained if I am able to complete a Bachelor’s degree in computer engineering. My first goal upon graduation is to land my first job as IT professional. Educational credentials from University of Purdue will enable me to be considered for a job position with better chances than people that graduate from other universities or community colleges due to the reputation of Purdue University as one of the most prestigious higher educational establishments in the world. A second goal of mine, once I reach the job marketplace, is to save money for a few years in order to accumulate sufficient initial capital to start my own computer business. In future I want to become a successful entrepreneur. Once I join Purdue University I plan on taking advantage of every opportunity I get to expand my networking capabilities. There are thousands of students at Purdue that have similar aspirations. It is possible that my long term goal of starting a computer business can be accelerated if I am able to find suitable business partners for the venture. Having a team that has plenty of human capital can give my computer business a competitive advantage. Besides, Im sure Ill become a valuable addition to students community too in many

Hospitality Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Hospitality Operations Management - Essay Example This enhances timeliness and relevance in learning topics. The main purpose for this organization is to roll out a program that aims at boosting the overall performance of students in colleges and to help them nurture their talents. As a mission plan, this is highly valued and the executives work hand in hand to achieve it. They provide an opportunity to all students to interact with the virtual arts for the first time and improve their academic performance. The main goal of Hilton is to transform the image of arts and culture among its members and the entire world. They also seek to transform the educational sector for all students to have an experience of new technologies and how they influence studies. The target market for the products will be the college students. To reach out to them, the organization will be relying on the social networks which are commonly used by students. One the social media will provide signup option for the students that they will use to register with them organization. Such accounts will provide a platform for students to pin ads at a commission; this posses a large number of students to register with the organization for such ideas. The other way to reach out to their target customers is through creation of flyers and leaflets to persuade more people to join the organizations production tastes. For this kind of organization, their target markets are the students in various institutions and colleges. Their demands are always incorporated in the strategic developments. It is perceived that most of the college students are accessible to online sources of information and can easily read them. This organization, therefore, uses this opportunity to nurture their marketing opportunity to ensure that they realize large sales volume on their products. This also assists in identifying various market segments for such products and coming up with a good marketing and promotional

Analysis of Quality Improvement Initiative

Analysis of Quality Improvement Initiative With reference to the practice development literature, critically discuss the principles informing a quality improvement initiative in your area of practice as a Community Registered General Nurse Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyse a quality improvement initiative, namely the updating of care plans and other documentation within the student’s area of practice, which is Community Nursing. The chosen initiative has occurred within the framework of practice development. The concept of practice development originates from the 1980s when Nursing Development Units (NDUs) were established with the aim of advancing the profession of nursing in order to benefit both patient care and the profession (Bassett and McSherry 2002). Practice development is becoming a part of every Trust’s strategy, being seen as an essential requirement for modernising health care. A key component of practice development is the integration of research- based evidence into practice. Another key element of practice development is Total Quality Management (TQM), a process that involves quality assessment, quality improvement and quality assurance (Blackie and Appleby 1998).Clinical governance is a system whereby health care providers are accountable for the provision of quality services (McSherry et al 2002). Magnet hospitals provide an example of centres of excellence that actively demonstrate high standards of care (UK healthcare 2007). Practice development also involves increased interprofessional working and the empowerment of patients and clients, thus embracing the concept of consumerism (Chin 2003). Consumerism within healthcare refers to its recipients having more informed expectations about healthcare provision and being able to articulate these (Gough P 2002). In Ireland the Commission on Nursing (1998) recognised that increasingly, people are being cared for in the community as opposed to other settings and accordingly made recommendations for the development of public health nursing with more emphasis to be placed on health promotion and prevention, thus paving the way for practice development within community nursing. Inevitably practice development involves change. Within healthcare there have been several areas of reform, which have been influenced by social, economic and political factors (Brooks and Brown 2002). As a result health care services need to be responsive to the need for change. Theoretical overview This section will further examine the relationships between practice development, quality issues and change theory, with particular emphasis on the implementation of change. Practice development is a continuous process of improvement that works towards the transformation of care. It is a process that requires management, in order to advance its progress, which needs to be done in a systematic and rigorous way (Titchen and Higgs 2001a). In some areas facilitators have been appointed with the specific remit of advancing practice development; elsewhere practice development units have been established (Bournemouth University 2007a). Practice development is said to dovetail with clinical governance standards (Bournemouth University 2007b) and is linked to quality issues in the following ways: by empowering healthcare professionals, patients/ clients and carers; by promoting a client- centred approach towards delivery of care; by promoting interprofessional communication and collaboration; by working towards clinical governance; by facilitating the selection, recruitment and retention of quality staff; by influencing organisation strategy in line with National Policy and by drawing upon the knowledge and skill of identified experts. An essential element for the delivery of quality care is evidence- based practice (Parsley and Corrigan 1999). As highlighted within the introduction, an important element of practice development is ensuring that practice is informed by research. Strategies for introducing research into nursing practice include the creation of nurse researcher posts; encouraging nurses to access continuing development opportunities that will enhance their research skills, promoting research- mindedness as well as research activity; making research findings accessible to practitioners; forging stronger links between educational institutions and clinical practice areas and setting- up journal clubs. Because of the developing nature of the discipline, community nurses are often involved in research activity whether as participants or researchers (Lawton et al 2000). However there is evidence to indicate that not all nurses are actively basing their practice on research findings; some are neither researc h active nor research- minded, so there is developmental work needed in this area (Banning 2005). As previously identified within the introduction, it is inevitable that practice development involves the need for change.(Titchen and Higgs 2001b). The change strategies framework by Bennis (1976) provides a useful model for understanding and challenging the different assumptions we have about what effectively brings about change. The framework includes three strategies for bringing about change which are based on different assumptions about human behaviour, and which involve three distinctly different approaches. The first strategy (rational- empirical), is based on the supposition that ‘knowledge is power’. Within this strategy it is assumed that an individual will change in response to receiving reliable and valid information. For example, if a manager in a healthcare setting wishes to initiate change, this strategy would involve giving information to the healthcare practitioners involved, that includes valid reasons for making changes to their practice. The reality is that people are often resistant to change and may adopt certain strategies in an attempt to avoid change. For example, they might adopt Freudian mental defence mechanisms, which are (in this case) maladaptive coping strategies used to circumvent evidence that change is necessary. These include denial, intellectualisation (which i nvolves citing contradictory evidence), or rationalisation, among others (Lupton 1995). Resorting to these defences can undermine the power of knowledge and evidence, however valid and reliable it is. The second strategy (power- coercive) involves the use of legislation and policy change in order to enforce health- related change. Within this strategy, a manager would use power, authority and/ or disciplinary procedures to bring about changes in practice. Inevitably there are some legislative and policy changes that inform practice, so there will be times when this strategy is used. The first two strategies adopt a ‘top- down’ approach whereas the third strategy (normative- re-educative) is based on the assumption that an individual is more likely to change if they have had involvement in bringing about the change; if they feel empowered. According to Wheeler and Grice (2000), this last approach is critical if the enthusiasm and cooperation of those affected by the change process is to be gained. This is the approach that the student aimed to use when putting her chosen change initiative into practice, which is analysed within the next section. Practice Development initiative The chosen initiative was to update care plans and other documentation. As nurses we are accountable through our documentation; there could be legal consequences to what we write (Richmond and Whiteley 1999). Care plans and other nursing documentation are essential communication tools. The language used therefore, should be clear and unambiguous, and avoid the use of abbreviations. A well- written care plan should provide all the information that a nurse needs to provide comprehensive care to a patient. A care plan should not just be a ‘paper exercise’ but an integral part of nursing activity. The need for this change initiative was identified by staff, patients and management. This was a promising start as the drivers for the change came from everybody who would be affected by it. As the last section proposed, change is more likely to be taken on board if all involved have been included within the decision- making process. It was found that the existing care plans were insufficient for use with a client- group who have increasingly complex needs. Care plans are based on nursing models, which are derived from nursing theory. Nursing theory is a knowledge base that has been developed specifically for nursing. Practice development and research contributes towards the continued development of nursing theory. A nursing model is a conceptual framework; a blueprint for nursing practice. The appropriateness of nursing documentation contributes towards closing the theory- practice gap. We should therefore review our nursing documentation at regular intervals and strive for excellence in relation to these tools. The model of choice for the revised care plans was Orem’s Self- Care Model which is based on the belief that the individual has a need for self- care actions, and that nursing can assist in meeting that need. This model is widely used in all areas of nursing. Orem suggests that a person needs nursing care when the person has a health- related self- care deficit. She has defined three nursing/ care systems based on the premise that the nursing/ care system depends on the self- care needs and abilities of the clients: wholly compensatory the nurse gives total care to meet all needs; partly compensatoryboth the nurse and the client perform care measures; supportive- educative the client can carry out self- care activities but requires assistance (Taylor et al 1997). The emphasis on self- care within this model was the rationale for choosing this model for use within a community setting where frequently the nurse works in partnership with the patient and their informal carers and facilitates the reduction of their dependence on her, as the ability of the patient to be self- caring increases. With most if not all, change processes there are factors that can be harnessed to drive change, and there are factors which impede or restrain, change. A model which can be used to identify driving and restraining factors is forcefield analysis (Martin and Whiteley 2003). This enables us to identify and work with, both the negative and positive forces. In relation to the change initiative i.e. updating care plans and other documentation, the driving forces were identified as: the commitment of most staff; strong leadership and a generally agreed need for an increased customer focus. The restraining forces were identified as: resistance from a small number of staff; lack of time to devote to the project and the need for education and training in the effective and consistent use of care plans. It was essential that the tools to be developed met with recognised quality standards and guidelines; therefore the developmental work was informed by the Irish Health Services Accreditation Board (2007). The Board is concerned with quality and safety issues across the health care system in Ireland. The values which underpin its work; patient- centredness; integrity and accountability; excellence, innovation and partnership provided us with an excellent framework upon which to base the development of the new care plans. The change initiative could also be described as a benchmarking project (Pickering and Thompson 2003). Benchmarking involves: the sharing of best practice; user involvement; a user- focused approach; the use of an evidence- based approach and the use of stepping stones to work towards the benchmark (NHS Modernisation Agency 2001). As far as possible the initiative was designed to meet these criteria. Drawing upon the principles of the forcefield analysis outcomes, the guidance provided by the Irish Health Services Accreditation Board and the benchmarking criteria, the project was designed as follows: A working group was set up to represent the views and input of all who would be affected by the change which included user representation. It was hoped that if those affected by the change were involved in the development of the initiative from the start, then they would be more committed towards it. Staff who showed an initial resistance tended to become more enthusiastic about the project once they became involved in the initiative. Time issues were addressed by delegating aspects of the work to different people, which was coordinated by a project manager. By breaking the task down into manageable parts, these became the ‘stepping stones’ of this benchmark project and helped to promote involvement from different people. Assistance from the Education Institution with which we are associated was mobilised in order to provide the essential theoretical input and to provide some education and training regarding the principles of care planning, which addressed one of the identified restraining forces. Care plans from other areas were also scrutinised (with permission) in the spirit of sharing best practice (derived from the benchmarking criteria), in order to gain new ideas that might help to inform our work. Once the new documentation had been developed, it was piloted to test its effectiveness. A patient survey (Graves 2002) was conducted to gather their views about the newly- developed documentation. The final version of the new care plan and other documentation was produced and introduced to all staff with some training sessions to support this new initiative. The use of the new documentation will be monitored and its effectiveness will be regularly evaluated. Conclusion and Recommendations Practice development is about continually improving our practice, which should be evidence- based. We should increasingly work in partnership with patients/ clients and their informal carers. Practice development has implications for change. With any change there are both driving and restraining forces, and those affected by change may be resistant towards it. Change therefore, needs to be managed. We can draw on change theory to inform the management of change. A learning outcome from the change initiative described above is that people are more likely to be responsive to change if they are involved in all stage of the change process. Other important aspects of the change process were the sharing of knowledge, the integration of theory and practice with input from academics and working in partnership with those ultimately affected by the change initiative i.e. the patients/ clients and their informal carers. References Banning M. Conceptions of evidence, evidence-based medicine, evidence-based practice and their use in nursing: independent nurse prescribers views. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 14(4) 2005. 411-417 Bassett and McSherry Practice Development in the Clinical Setting: A Guide to ImplementationNelson Thornes 2002. p. 11-12. Blackie C and Appleby F. Community Health Care Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1998 p. Bournemouth University. Institute of health and Community Studies. Practice Development Unit: What is a PDU? http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/ihcs/pduwhat.html. Accessed: 20th January 2007. Brooks, I. Brown, R. The role of ritualistic ceremonial in removing barriers between subcultures in the National Health Service. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38 (4) 2002 341 – 352. Chin H. Practice Development: A Framework Toward Modernizing Health Care in the United States and the United Kingdom and a Means Toward Building International Communities of Learning and Practice. Home Health Care Management Practice, 2003 15 (5), 423-428 Commission on Nursing. Report of the Commoission on Nursing: A blueprint fro the future. Stationery Office. 1998. p. 8. Gough P. Churchill Livingstones Guide to Professional Healthcare. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2002. p. 36. Graves P. Quantifying Quality in Primary Care. Radcliffe Publishing. 2002. p. 246 Irish Health Services Accreditation Board. Mission, Vision and Values. http://www.ihsab.ie/mission_statement.html Accessed: 20th January 2007. Lawton S Cantrell J and Harris J. District Nursing.: Providing Care in a Supportive Context. Elsevire Health Sciences. 2000. p. 109. Lupton D. The Imperative of Health: public health and the regulated body. Sage Publications. 1995. p. 111. Martin and Whiteley. Leading Change in Health and Social Care. Routledge. 2003. pp. 160-162 NHS Modernisation Agency. Essence of Care: patient- focused benchmarks for clinical governance. 2001. Department of Health. Parsley K and Corrigan P. Quality Improvement in Health Care: putting evidence into practice Nelson Thornes. 1999. p. 2. Pickering S and Thompson J. Clinical Governance and Best Value: Meeting the Modernisation Agenda. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2003. p. 164. Richmond J and Whiteley R Nursing Documentation: writing what we do. Ausmed publications. 1999. pp. 2,3. Taylor C. Lillis C and LeMone P Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care Stanley Thornes and Lippincott 1997 Titchen A and Higgs J. Professional Practice in Health, Education and the Creative Arts. Blackwell publishing. 2001. pp. 186-7 UK Healthcare. Magnet Status Fact sheet. http://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/publications/healthfocus/fact_sheets/magnetfst.htm . Accessed: 20th January 2007. Wheeler N and Grice D. Management in Health Care. Nelson Thornes. 2000. p. 136.

is there too much reality tv? :: essays research papers

Is there too much reality TV? On the other hand shows like big brother only occur for a certain part of the year, however when big brother is on it is on for a long time therefore it consumes a lot of TV airtime. Even so a lot of the British public enjoy big brother and text in there votes every week. It might also be argued that people only watch reality TV because there is nothing else on TV at these times. On big brother alcohol is the most comely drunk beverage no one drinks water when there’s a bottle of wine to be had this influence young adults with access to alcohol Each year, students spend  £3 billion on alcohol that’s a lot more than they spend on soft-drinks, tea, milk, juice, and coffee. How ever alcohol in reality TV shows some young adults that if they get drunk bad things can happen and people can’t control them selves therefore it may put off some young adults from excessive drinking although youths may want to be like the new celebrities on the TV by drinking and copying there behaviour. Violence is a big issue and not only in reality TV many children see a large quantity of people being murdered on TV, on the contrary murders only occur on reality TV which is fiction e.g. Recreations of past times like the wars. It might also be argued that violence on reality TV is only shown after the watershed which means that parents are responsible for their kids if their children watch these violent shows. Therefore most parents complaining about violence on reality TV are the causes of children watching the violence and possibly copying what they see, and shouldn’t let their children watch the shows after nine o’clock. Television is making England fat. Harvard University researchers discovered that the odds of a child becoming obese have risen from 12 to 20% for each daily hour of television he/she watches. On the other hand reality TV is only a small cause of this on the other hand the snacks people consume while watching reality TV are overwhelmingly high in fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar, and low in vitamins and minerals. The U.S. Surgeon General has revealed "that 70% of food advertisements are for foods high in fat, cholesterol, sugar, and salt, while only 3% are for fruits and vegetables.

The Haight Ashbury Free Clinic: Internal Control Case Study

According to published reports, what happened at Height Suburb Free Clinic Is typical of the types of employee fraud that happens day In and day out at many organizations. It was nothing overly sophisticated and demonstrated how Insiders who know the peculiarities of differing requirements use their knowledge for their own enrichment. A former SCOFF of the clan took advantage his knowledge that requires nonprofits receiving federal grants to return any unspent money. This money Is supposed to go directly to a federal office.However at the free clinic, authorities claim the SCOFF created an account at a Sacramento bank under a name salary to the federal office. For over two years he had clan workers return these checks. Which he deposited into this account that he actually owned. He allegedly set up several accounts with names similar to legitimate vendors. The SCOFF had payments intended for these legitimate vendors be sent to his dummy corporations and later cashed the same checks. These schemes began in June 2001 and went on for over two years.After the irregularities were uncovered and investigated, the SCOFF was fired ND the case was turned over to prosecutors, who miraculously prosecuted and got a conviction. We say miraculously because white-collar crime is rarely prosecuted. Even more amazing is the fact that he was convicted. He was sentenced on April 30, 2008 to serve four years in prison, make restitution and pay back taxes and fines. Returning checks to anyone besides the intended payee is a break in best-practice procedures. What happened here demonstrates clearly why returning checks to anyone but the payee is such a bad practice.Clearly the process for setting up new endorsed was lax at the clinic. Possible Solutions 1 . Use appropriate segregation of duties including master vendor file responsibilities. 2. Limit access to the master vendor file and require dual approvals before a new vendor is added to the master vendor file. 3. Do some sort of v erification of new vendors, checking TIN and phone numbers to ensure you are not dealing with a phony vendor. Get W-as from every new vendor before making the first payment. Run W-as against the IRS TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number) Matching Program before making the first payment.Check to e If duplicate vendors have the same TIN. Conclusion While very few organizations will employ all the practices described above, the more a corporation Incorporates Into their policy and procedures, the more difficult It Is for a fraudster (either an employee, former employee or someone else) to steal from the company. The Height Suburb Free Clinic: Internal Control Case Study By Saying-Chou Saying Chou According to published reports, what happened at Height Suburb Free Clinic is typical of the types of employee fraud that happens day in and day out at many organizations.It was nothing overly sophisticated and demonstrated how insiders own enrichment. A former SCOFF of the clinic took advantage his knowledge that money is supposed to go directly to a federal office. However at the free clinic, similar to the federal office. For over two years he had clinic workers return these checks, which he deposited into this account that he actually owned. He allegedly set 1 . Use appropriate segregation of duties including master vendor file responsibilities. See if duplicate vendors have the same TIN. A corporation incorporates into their policy and procedures, the more difficult it is for